Genetics+Vocabulary

=**JFYI, I did not copy down the repeats or similarities from the #2 vocabulary, so if you do not find a word, the concept is still here -Andrew Kao**= = = =**__ Mitosis, Meiosis, Cell Cycle Vocabulary __**= =** Nucleus- ** **A structure in a cell that contains nucleic acids, the acids used to instruct a cell's activity**= =** Chromosome- ****A doubled rod of chromatin, containing RNA and DNA/genetic information**= =** Nucleic Acids- ** **A large molecule consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus**= =** RNA- ** **Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that has a large role in protein production**= =** Guanine- ****One of the four nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; bonds with cytosine**= =** Cytosine- ****One of the four nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; bonds with guanine**= =** Thymine- ****One of the four nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; bonds with adenine**= =** Adenine- ****One of the four nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; bonds with thymine**= =** DNA- ****The genetic code that is unique to every living organism, partially passed on from parent to offspring. (Acronym: deoxyribonucleic acid)**= =** DNA replication- ****When the DNA splits and copies itself.**= =** Gene- ****­ A unit of heredity made by nucleic acids/DNA**= =** Double helix- ****­ A pair of helices intertwining and connected to a common axis, in the structure of DNA**= =** Twisted ladder- ** **The shape that a double helix DNA takes**= =** Nitrogen bases- ** **The four constituent bases of nucleic acids, which link together to create genes/DNA/RNA**= =** Base pairs- ** **Pairs formed between bases e.g. guanine with cytosine, thymine with adenine**= =** Backbone- ** **The helices in a DNA molecule**= =** Hydrogen bond- ** **The bonds that hold the base pairs together**= =** Cell division- ** **The process of which a cell divides into daughter cells (same structure or different)**= =** Trait- ** **A characteristic that belongs to that cell/molecule/protein/process/etc. only**= = = =**__ DNA Vocabulary __**= =** Chromatid- ****each of the longitudinal strands the chromosome separates into.**= =** Nucleus- ****A structure in a cell that contains nucleic acids, the acids used to instruct a cell's activity**= =** DNA- ****The genetic code that is unique to every living organism, partially passed on from parent to offspring. (Acronym: deoxyribonucleic acid)**= = = =** Cell Division- ****The process of cells replicating exponentially.**= =** Mitosis- ****The part of a cell cycle when the chromosomes split into chromatids**= =** Identical- ****The same, even to the most minute detail**= =** Variation- ** **Difference in organisms of the same species.**= =** Sex cells- ****Cells with the potential to fertilize/be fertilized.**= =** Cell cycle- ****The repeating events of cells replicating.**= =** Centromere- ****The place on a chromosome where the spindle fiber is attached during cell replication.**= =** Asexual Reproduction- ****Reproduction by replication. Done through many means, including fission, budding, and fragmentation.**= =** Sexual Reproduction- ****Reproduction by combining genetic information from two individuals of different sexes (genders). In larger organisms, it is usually done by one motile sperm cell (male) fusing with a stationary egg cell (female).**= =** Growth- ****To increase mass and/or volume.**= =** Repair- ****To use proteins to repair something of damage and/or fault.**= = =